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Belvoir Fortress ((ヘブライ語:כוכב הירדן), ''Kochav HaYarden'' "Star of the Jordan") is a Crusader fortress in northern Israel, on a hill south of the Sea of Galilee. Gilbert of Assailly, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, began construction of the castle in 1168. The restored fortress is located in Belvoir National Park. It is the best-preserved Crusader fortress in Israel.〔(National Parks Authority of Israel )〕 ==History== The Knights Hospitaller purchased the site from Velos, a French nobleman, in 1168. Standing above the Jordan River Valley, the plateau commanded the route from Gilead into the Kingdom of Jerusalem and a nearby river crossing. To the north is the Sea of Galilee and west are hills. The site of Belvoir Castle dominated the surrounding area, and in the words of Abu Shama the castle is; "set admidst the stars like an eagle's nest and abode of the moon". As soon as the Knights Hospitaller purchased the land they began construction of Belvoir Castle. While Gilbert of Assailly was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller the order gained around thirteen new castles, among which Belvoir was the most important. The fortress of Belvoir served as a major obstacle to the Muslim goal of invading the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem from the east. It withstood an attack by Muslim forces in 1180. During the campaign of 1182, the Battle of Belvoir Castle was fought nearby between King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Saladin. Following Saladin's victory over the Crusaders at the battle of the Horns of Hattin, Belvoir was besieged. The siege lasted a year and a half, until the defenders surrendered on 5 January 1189. An Arab governor occupied it until 1219 when the Ayyubid ruler in Damnascus had slghted. In 1241 Belvoir was ceded to the Franks, who controlled it until 1263. In modern times it became an Arab village, Kawkab al-Hawa, whose inhabitants fled during the 1947-48 civil war after a military assault by Yishuv forces. The Arab buildings on the site were demolished by the Israeli authorities between 1963 and 1968.〔Colum Hourihane (ed.),''The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture,'' Oxford University Press,Vol. 2, 2012 p.298〕 Commenting on the renovation of the Crusader remains, Meron Benvenisti considers this removal of intervening Arab structures at the Belvoir site as one of the best examples of 'the eradication of all traces of an entire civilisation from the landscape' in Israel.〔Meron Benvenisti, ''Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land Since 1948,''University of California Press, 2002 p.303.〕 'The Hebrew name, Kochav Hayarden, meaning ''Star of the Jordan'', preserves the name of Kochava – a Jewish village which existed nearby during the Roman and Byzantine periods. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Belvoir Fortress」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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